botchtowersociety:
Granted, your opinion is certainly well with the mainstream opinion of popular orthodoxy. :-)
The third-century Cataholic historians you quoted unquestionably laid the foundation for asserting that Peter's ministry established the church of Rome in Rome, even though the principle apostle there was Paul. The position is less supported by Josephus and Philo.
Scholars are in disagreement about those traditions. My inclination is to agree with the scholars who believe that "Babylon" in 1Pet.3:15 was the important Roman fortress (at the time) of Babylon in Egypt where a large population of Jews resided--as they did in Alexandria as well. There were a lot of Jews in Egypt who had migrated there from the Babylonian (Mesopotamia) diaspora. As you know, Peter sent Mark to Egypt, Peter being the apostle to the Jews; Paul was the apostle to the Gentiles.
You countered: Revelation also speaks of "Babylon." I really doubt it referred to an Egyptian fortress.
Most bible theologians don't think it refers to Rome either. :-)
(Some do--e.g., the Preterists who believe all of Revelation was fulfilled in the first century CE/AD.)
As I pointed out, the Rome theory is the most prominent in orthodox Christianity (for obvious reasons). Naturally, for every reference you could quote in support of Roman Catholic history, there are scholars who could be quoted who disagree. Evidence is sparce and proof doesn't exist.
With reference to Jewish populations between Rome and Egypt in the first century, here are a few (if you are interested):
http://www.livius.org/di-dn/diaspora/rome.html
It is possible to estimate the number of Roman Jews during the reign of Augustus. The Jewish historian Flavius Josephus mentions a lawsuit in which 8,000 Jews from Rome sided with one of the parties (Jewish antiquities 2.80). They must have been adult men, because women and children were not permitted to take part in a lawsuit. Since a nuclear family consisted of at least four or five members, there must have been some 40,000 Jews. It is likely that this number rose after the mass deportation of prisoners of war after the fall of Jerusalem in 70 CE. This is mirrored by the enormous size of the Monteverde catacomb.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_diaspora
7000 Jews at the commencement of the reign of Caesar Agustus (27 BC to 14 AD).
(To be fair, this represents the voting heads of families, so it is estimated it may have been around 35,000 counting women and children.)
In Egypt, Alexandria alone is thought to have had over a million Jews whereas the population of Jews in Rome is estimated in the 10,000s to possible 100,000 at most.
Notable: Alexandria is where the Septuigent scriptures were translated from Hebrew to Greek.
http://www.headcoverings-by-devorah.com/TheJewishDiaspora.htm
The Jewish communities of the Diaspora were largely urban. Alexandria, according to Philo (Contra Flacum 43), boasted a Jewish population of over 1,000,000. Probably founded in the early years of the Ptolemy dynasty, at it's height, the Jewish community of Alexandria formed the majority in at least two out of the city's five major neighborhoods. While the Alexandrian Jews welcomed the Hellenistic influence, they also developed a rich Jewish culture. Greek largely replaced Hebrew as the major language of daily life. For the very first time, the Bible was translated, according to Jewish legend during the reign of Ptolemy II (285-246 BCE). The Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible made the sacred text accessible to the entire Greek world.
. . .
The Jewish population of Rome may have numbered in the tens of thousands by the reign of Augustus. Twelve synagogue sites, and six burial sites have been identified in Rome dating from the first centuries BCE and CE.
. . .
Their crushing defeat in 117 CE left the once magnificent Alexandrian community, and the communities of Cyrene and Cyprus in smoldering ruin.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/portrait/diaspora.html
. . . Rome itself, seems to have something on the order of ten different synagogue congregations, and the Jewish population of the city of Rome at its zenith was perhaps 100,000. Unfortunately, we have no archaeological evidence of the actual synagogue buildings themselves from the city of Rome but fortunately, a recent archaeological discovery from the nearby port city of Ostia, shows us one such congregation, in its very real setting.
http://www.myjewishlearning.com/history/Ancient_and_Medieval_History/539_BCE-632_CE/The_Diaspora.shtml
Alexandria, the capital of the Ptolemies and the intellectual center of Hellenistic civilization, became one of the most populous Jewish communities in the world between the third century BCE and the end of the first century CE, numbering several hundred thousand at least.
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But these are only about the populations of Jews. There is just as remarkable a history of first-centiry Christianity in Egypt as there is in Rome if you look up Coptic history. Not to mention the rather close proximity of Egypt to Jerusalem. It is pretty well established that this is where the Septuigent was translated.
But . . . we all have our reasons. :-)
~Binadub