http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Exercise_Clause
The Free Exercise Clause is the accompanying clause with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause together read:
The first case to closely examine the scope of the Free Exercise Clause was Reynolds v. United States in 1879. A case dealing with the prosecution of a polygamist under federal law, and the defendant's claim of protection under the Free Exercise Clause, the Court upheld the law and the government's prosecution. This case, which also revived Thomas Jefferson's statement regarding the "wall of separation" between church and state, introduced the position that although religious exercise is generally protected under the First Amendment, this does not prevent the government from passing neutral laws that incidentally impact certain religious practices. This view of the Free Exercise Clause would begin to narrow again in the 1980s, culminating in the 1990 case of Employment Division v. Smith. Examining a state prohibition on the use of peyote, the Supreme Court upheld the law despite the drug's use as part of a religious ritual, and without employing the strict scrutiny test. Instead, the Court again held that a "neutral law of general applicability" generally does not implicate the Free Exercise Clause. This was followed by intense disapproval from Congress and the passage of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act in 1993 to attempt to restore the prior test. However, in City of Boerne v. Flores, the Supreme Court struck down the act as well, holding that it unconstitutionally attempted to usurp the Supreme Court's role in interpreting the Constitution, thus leaving the Smith test in place. ************************************************************************************ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Establishment_Clause
The
Establishment Clause is the first of several pronouncements in the
First Amendment to the United States Constitution, stating, The first case to closely examine the scope of the Free Exercise Clause was
Reynolds v. United States in 1879. A case dealing with the prosecution of a polygamist under federal law, and the defendant's claim of protection under the Free Exercise Clause, the Court upheld the law and the government's prosecution. This case, which also revived
Thomas Jefferson's statement regarding the "
wall of separation" between church and state, introduced the position that although religious exercise is generally protected under the
First Amendment,
this does not prevent the government from passing neutral laws that incidentally impact certain religious practices.