I believe there are some fringe groups that evolve into cults over time, that is, they become increasingly authoritarian so that the BITE model comes into play. It is unlikely Russell started off with the intention of forming a cult (he was anti-organization to start with), but by the end of his life, he was regarded as the Faithful Slave. Then Rutherford took the Bible Students to another level, especially after 1925. Then Knorr/Franz took it to another level, adding shunning, no blood transfusions, ect…
I suppose if Rutherford had not gone in the authoritarian direction, the Watchtower organization would have been a forgotten historical footnote.
A cult demands—you must believe this, you must live up to these demands. It’s hard and requires sacrifice. When people factcheck, they realize the beliefs fall apart and the sacrifice is not worth it. Therefore, information must be controlled. Add to that severe consequences for leaving, like shunning, and that keeps people in, and keeps information damaging to the cult contained.
High demand groups evolve into the BITE model or they don't survive.
BTW…some (but not all) Pentecostal groups border on, if not cross the line into cult territory.