Dr. Gary Habermas goes in to the PhD committee at Michigan State and is told by the committee chair he can do his dissertation on the resurrection of Jesus, but cannot use the Bible to do so. Habermas uses the Bible to prove the resurrection and is awarded his PhD.
The "Minimal Facts" approach isn't a method designed to find the truth, it's a method designed to bolster confidence in the proposed (read: preferred) explanation. - Matt Dillahunty
Regardless of the level of proof that a tomb was found empty, the answer cannot be "It was supernatural powers," until supernatural powers are proven first.
Minimal Facts Approach is based on the following process -
- Insert reasonable premises with minimal facts/minimal data
- Premises are agreed with by believer and skeptics (whether or not true)
- Skeptic is now bound to accept conclusion or be declared irrational
It is not that there are only minimal facts/minimal data. It is this method scales way down the facts/data to just the bare minimum of what both believers and skeptics could agree on in the scholarly realm. These minimal facts are not the only facts. Therefor, this violates the scientific method of validating facts.
Habermas and his co-workers have picked their 12 minimal facts. They then took a list of skeptical scholars and found out that approximately 75% of those scholars seem to agree with those 12 minimal facts. So, what about the other 25%? This is done to write off the 25% to instill certainty in the minimal facts instead of getting to 1 explanation (the truth) that includes all the facts. We do not even know if the same 75% of skeptical scholars agree on the same 12 minimal facts.
12 Minimal Facts of Jesus Resurrection
- Jesus died by crucifixion.
- He was buried.
- His death caused the disciples to despair and lose hope.
- The tomb was empty (the most contested).
- The disciples had experiences which they believed were literal appearances of the risen Jesus (the most important proof).
- The disciples were transformed from doubters to bold proclaimers.
- The resurrection was the central message.
- They preached the message of Jesus’ resurrection in Jerusalem.
- The Church was born and grew.
- Orthodox Jews who believed in Christ made Sunday their primary day of worship.
- James was converted to the faith when he saw the resurrected Jesus (James was a family skeptic).
- Paul was converted to the faith (Paul was an outsider skeptic).
With the exception of #9 and #10, all other minimal facts come from the Bible.
Let's look at minimal fact # 1 -
Jesus died by crucifixion.
Most scholars, skeptical or otherwise, would agree that the Bible does tell a story and in that story Jesus dies by crucifixion. Not all scholars believe there was even a historical Jesus. There are many theories which are supported by facts. Jesus' execution at the hands of Romans is a story that originates with Christians and writers of the Bible. This story must be proven as fact before Habermas' first minimal fact can even be addressed.
Some theorize Jesus did not die. One theory is Jesus had a Near Death Experience (NDE) and then went off to hide to heal. After healing Jesus came back to his disciples. It is a plausible theory because even today we have persons who technically die, but are resuscitated. We do not have any experiences of people be resurrected 3 days after dying and their corpse disappearing from their tomb.
We have a major issue with minimal facts 1-8, 11-12. They all come from the Bible. The Bible is a disingenuous book. "Blessed are those who have not seen, and have believed" - John 20:29. That seems to be different than doubt and verify through examination of all facts and data.
Minimal facts #9 & #10 are historical. However, they are not proof of the story. They are only proof that people believed a story. We can say the same about just any major religion in the world. Is the Quran correct? Islam is the fastest growing religion. Muslims adopted the Hijri calendar which is based on Muslim holidays and rituals. Does that mean Islam is the one, true religion or does it mean the nations conquered by the Muslims use the Hijri calendar the same way that nations conquered by Rome were forced to use a calendar based on the Jesus story?
"Do not believe in what you have heard; do not believe in traditions because they have been handed down for many generations; do not believe in anything because it is rumored and spoken by many; do not believe merely because a written statement of some old sage is produced; do not believe in conjectures; do not believe in that as truth to which you have become attached from habit; do not believe merely the authority of your teachers and elders. After observation and analysis, when it agrees with reason and is conducive to the good and gain of one and all, then accept it and live up to it." - Siddhartha Gautama (first Buddha),