Rebel, I just clicked on the link in your previous post.
I wasn't aware of your experience when I made the above post.
I would like to read your book some day.
my mum recently told me that even surgeons won't have blood transfusions, but the common people don't get told this.
i have also seen or heard others say that a bunch of doctors/health officials/surgeons were asked, at some point, if they would accept a blood transfusion and they all said no.
is this true?
Rebel, I just clicked on the link in your previous post.
I wasn't aware of your experience when I made the above post.
I would like to read your book some day.
my mum recently told me that even surgeons won't have blood transfusions, but the common people don't get told this.
i have also seen or heard others say that a bunch of doctors/health officials/surgeons were asked, at some point, if they would accept a blood transfusion and they all said no.
is this true?
Thank you, snare&racket.
Rebel - from the correspondence I had, it was clear that Mr. Earnshaw is not a Jehovah's Witness but it wasn't clear if he actually knew that he was being used as the Society's poster boy for bloodless surgery. I am sorry - when I re-read what I wrote, I can see that I may be misrepresenting what Mr. Earnshaw said. And I wouldn't want to do that - he has been misrepresented enough by the Watchtower Society and the bloodless industry.
"...using him as a sort of endorsement of a dangerous doctrine."
Not only is it a dangerous doctrine, it is also a dangerous surgical procedure that they are endorsing. The society is quick to point to the successes of bloodless surgerry but they fail to mention the countless failures that bloodless surgery has encountered in its history. Many Jehovah's Witnesses have died, not only as a result of refusing a blood transfusion, but from the resulting experimental procedures tried on them. This claim is not hard to prove - the evidence can be found in published medical studies. As well, trials of bovine blood substitutes have been pulled because of high mortality rates in the subjects. And, of course, the JWs were in the clinical trial sample groups.
The Jehovah's witnesses are certainly right about one thing - bloodless surgery would not have the success it has without a willing group of volunteers to test their technology on. The Jehovah's witnesses are the only group in the world that the medical industry can use as test subjects for bloodless surgery methods and actually test the extreme limit of their procedure. Without a 'religious' doctrine on their side, by law, they must intervene with all means possible before death claims their subject. With Jehovah's Witnesses, the subject can be taken right to death's door...and beyond. It is a situation that has been exploited in the quest for bloodless surgical methods and the holy grail of medicine - blood substitutes.
And it is not only surgical procedures that are being tested on Jehovah's Witnesses.
Babies are born all the time that are RH negative who would normally get an exchange transfusion.
People suffer from hemophilia.
There is so much confusion over the Society's stand on blood factions, etc when it is really simple.
If you want to understand the Society's shifting stance on the 'blood issue', do some research into the history of the medical procedures concerning blood. The shifting stance of the Society dovetails very nicely into the required test groups needed by researchers in those fields of study.
The Society's spin is that these procedures developed in response to the Jehovah's Witnesses doctrine.
They are absolutely right. And it is horrifying.
The Jehovah's Witnesses have made for a fine group of guinea pigs. Obediently following the directions from the Society concerning health care choices.
my mum recently told me that even surgeons won't have blood transfusions, but the common people don't get told this.
i have also seen or heard others say that a bunch of doctors/health officials/surgeons were asked, at some point, if they would accept a blood transfusion and they all said no.
is this true?
Another doctor that the Watchtower Society has used as expert support for the promotion of bloodless surgery is Dr. Peter Earnshaw from Great Britain.
Mr. Earnshaw was featured as the doctor on the front of one of the Awake magazines in 2000.
He is also featured in the slide presentations and other material published by the Society for the purposes of promoting bloodless surgery to those in the medical field.
"Mr Earnshaw is a Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon and the Clinical Director of Surgery at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals. He trained in medicine at Guy’s Hospital and then continued his postgraduate studies in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery in Canada and the US where he worked for many years before returning to the UK."
http://www.londonbridgehospital.com/LBH/consultant-det/mr-peter-earnshaw/
The quote that is used in Watchtower publications goes like this:
"It just so happens that bloodless surgery is particularly relevant to Jehovah’s Witnesses. However, this is how we want to treat everybody."
Mr. Earnshaw's assistant, Sinead Flynn, answered an email inquiry that I made a while back concerning this quote with this reply:
"Thank you for your email.
Mr Earnshaw would reply as follows:
"It was a general comment made many years ago simply stating that although Jehovah Witness patients have more exacting needs, we treat most our patients in a similar fashion i.e. we do everything to avoid blood transfusions unless absolutely necessary and the transfusion rate has been significantly reduced over the years. London Bridge Hospital does not therefore offer anything different in this regard"."
I also asked if Mr. Earnshaw was a Jehovah's Witness and if he knew that his photo and quote was used by the Watchtower Society and he replied:
"Mr Earnshaw has read your email and would note:
“......No
I can only assume it was because I did early research on this topic and published papers. I was interviewed at the time and an article was written.
I have not done this type of research for many years.”"
The Watchtower Society has got a lot of mileage from a statement that Dr. Earnshaw made years ago when he was researching the possibility of bloodless surgery methods reducing the need for blood in orthopedic surgery. Orthopedic surgery has very high demands for blood and Dr. Earnshaw's concern at the time he was interviewed for Watchtower literature, was to reduce the use of blood in those cases - not eliminate the use of blood transfusions.
my mum recently told me that even surgeons won't have blood transfusions, but the common people don't get told this.
i have also seen or heard others say that a bunch of doctors/health officials/surgeons were asked, at some point, if they would accept a blood transfusion and they all said no.
is this true?
And from the LA Times article about the rape of the nanny and molestation accusations during the custody battle (which didn't hold up with the judge - Ron got custody later):
http://articles.latimes.com/1988-08-24/local/me-699_1_baby-sitter
"The 48-year-old surgeon became well known in medical circles a few years ago for his success with so-called bloodless surgery--operations performed without blood transfusions--which was favored by religious groups opposed to transfusions. But the state medical board frowned on the controversial technique and filed a malpractice claim against him. The claim was eventually dropped when Lapin agreed to stop that type of surgery."
my mum recently told me that even surgeons won't have blood transfusions, but the common people don't get told this.
i have also seen or heard others say that a bunch of doctors/health officials/surgeons were asked, at some point, if they would accept a blood transfusion and they all said no.
is this true?
Dr. Ron Lapin.
An article from the LA Times in 1995:
'Bloodless Surgeon' Ron Lapin, 53, Dies.
http://articles.latimes.com/1995-05-16/local/me-2458_1_ron-lapin
SANTA ANA — The man touted as the "bloodless surgeon" among Jehovah's Witnesses and other religious groups died of an apparent heart attack at a local hospital, relatives and friends said Monday. He was 53.
Ron Lapin, a surgeon who introduced an operating procedure that does not require blood transfusions, suffered a heart attack at his Lemon Heights home Friday evening, just hours after he had asked his 42-year-old fiancee to marry him.
He died between 1 and 2 a.m. at Western Medical Center-Santa Ana, said Lapin's fiancee, Deeanne Cassidy.
"We were making wedding plans, not funeral plans," she said. "I'm still very shocked over it. All I can say is that he was the most wonderful, knowledgeable humanitarian to have come around in a long time."
Lapin, a Tel Aviv-born physician who was working at Coast Plaza Doctors Hospital in Norwalk, had battled colleagues and blood-bank industry officials who questioned the appropriateness of his operating method, which was introduced in the 1970s.
The procedure was intended to prevent excessive bleeding through the use of an electric cautery at the end of each blood vessel as tissues were sliced. It also involved liberal doses of folic acid and Vitamin B-12 to lower blood pressure.
Artificial blood known as blood volume expanders also were used, Lapin said in earlier interviews with The Times.
Lapin's medical practices led to a five-year investigation by state medical authorities, who dropped it in 1986, citing an inability to prove their case against him.
He also gained notice when his third wife was charged with two counts of felony kidnaping in 1987 when she failed to return the couple's two children to their father's house after a visit.
Orly Lapin, a former Israeli beauty queen, then accused him of molesting the couple's daughter and raping the child's nanny, according to court records at the time.
Neither husband nor wife was convicted, and the children remained in Ron Lapin's custody. He also had a third child by another wife.
Funeral arrangements are pending. An autopsy was performed but results were not available pending the outcome of toxicology tests.
my mum recently told me that even surgeons won't have blood transfusions, but the common people don't get told this.
i have also seen or heard others say that a bunch of doctors/health officials/surgeons were asked, at some point, if they would accept a blood transfusion and they all said no.
is this true?
Yes. The quote exists. I tracked it down a few years back.
This book here:
http://www.amazon.com/Bad-Blood-George-Dalgleish/dp/B001KT7P4O
Bad Blood by George Dalgleish.
This thread has a bit about the book and George:
http://www.jehovahs-witness.com/topic/54353/book-bad-blood?page=1&size=10
Yes, George Dalgleish was a Jehovah's Witness. He had a television home improvement show in Winnipeg at one time. He also ran a home construction company.
Mr. Dalgleish had no medical training or education.
George has now passed on. I tried to find out some information on the publisher, Pennefeather Press in Winnipeg, but the best I could come up with was a google map image of a bare lot in the industrial area of Winnipeg. The address doesn't really exist.
The book is terrible because it is written as though the author has credibilty and he has none. And it is in that piece of bloodless surgery propaganda that you will find that quote. I believe it may have been Dr. Ron Lapin who said it - along with saying that he brought family members from overseas to have bloodless surgery at his clinic in California.
But, the quote is in that horrible book.
a book titled written by a long ti me ss member .rudolf franz ferdinand hoess.
here is a quote from this book : .
"a pleasant contrast to this type were the female jehovah's witnesses, called "bible bees" or "bible worms.
Yes, Kaik, there are many wartime records that have yet to see the light of day. And I am sure that archives in Germany, Austria and Czech republic would have valuable material.
The fifty year release date for the declassification of some war records has come and gone which has seen an upsurge of research material being presented, yet there are classified files that are still sealed - some have a 100 year release date and some will be never be unsealed. And then, there are the missing files, ones that have yet to be found. Like the box of files that mysteriously disappeared from Wewelsburg. Wewelsburg Castle had JW caretakers that looked after the castle until the end of the war. It would be interesting to know what was in that particular box of files.
As much as the Watchtower Society is perceived to be a USA based corporation with a religious arm/front, there are activities in other countries that have been critical to how their religion developed and Germany's role in the Watchtower Society's historical development is not always considered well enough.
I had posted earlier that the Society had major upheavals, financial difficulties, and re-structuring that occurred during the 20s and 30s. It was during this time period, between the two wars, that Rutherford changed his political/doctrinal stance and re-emerged from the dust as a brand new religion with American friends in high places and a mansion in California. What I left out of that earlier post on this thread was a mention of the activities that were happening in Germany with the Watchtower during those same years.
At the time that the USA Watchtower Society had major strife happening within its ranks, the same thing was going on in Germany. Conrad Binkele, of the German Watchtower Society, had a falling out with Rutherford and Binkele left the German Watchtower Society in 1925, leaving the Watchtower in Germany as a playground for Rutherford's plans to re-organize the Society's activities and re-structure the religion. From 1925 onwards, Germany was used as a 'testing ground' for congregational reorganizing. There is a good past thread on this forum that lays out the details of how, in Germany, the congregations were made smaller, the number of meetings changed, and the material simplified in the literature - all with a goal of retaining control and managing the sales force for the distribution of the literature. By the time Rutherford made his announcement about the new name for his religion in 1931, the 'market testing' for the most effective ways on how the religion was going to change had already been done in Germany. Germany had a much larger influence on how the American based religion developed during the critical years of 1925-1931, and then emerged as a 'new' religion, than most people realize.
a book titled written by a long ti me ss member .rudolf franz ferdinand hoess.
here is a quote from this book : .
"a pleasant contrast to this type were the female jehovah's witnesses, called "bible bees" or "bible worms.
"Did not the "Declaration" also include a clause that the signee would support the Nazi /National cause in addition to stop the wt propaganda?"
The following is a copy of the declaration as it was published by the Watchtower Society in one of their publications:
*from the website http://www.holocaust-trc.org/jehovahs-witnesses/declaration-renouncing-beliefs/
Declaration Renouncing Beliefs
Jehovah’s Witnesses, incarcerated in prisons and concentration camps, were given the opportunity to be freed if they signed this statement renouncing their beliefs. Few did so, even when beaten or tortured by their guards.
DECLARATION RENOUNCING BELIEFS
Concentration camp …………………………………………………………..
Department II
DECLARATION
I, the ……………………………………………………………………………….
Born on ……………………………………………………………………………
In ……………………………………………………………………………………
herewith make the following declaration:
……………………………………………………..Dated………………………..
………………………………………………………………………….Signature
Reprinted and translated in Jehovah’s Witnesses: Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom (New York: Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., 1993); p. 661.
This is a good example of how the Society's bias informs their presentation of history. In the previous post, I presented information from an outside researcher that claimed over 50% of the Bible Students signed the pledge while imprisoned and 10% signed after they were sent to the camps and the reasons were given as to why it was more favorable not to sign than sign once a person reached the camps.
And yet the Society's spin is quite different, claiming very few signed.
That is a significance difference in perspective and which is the correct one? Or do the true figures or 'correct' viewpoint lie somewhere in between? I tend to gravitate towards the independent and outside researcher. The Society's track record for presenting truthful facts is not good. In fact, the Society's entire history is riddled with lies and confusion.
This is why researching history is so fascinating and frustrating at the same time. There are so many different accounts with each having their particular bias and ethnocentric point of view that it is important to acknowledge the biases behind the interpretation of historical 'facts'. For example, I once tried to track down a comment made in one of the Society's publications concerning Felix Kersten, Heinrich Himmler's personal 'doctor'. Apparently, the quote was taken from Kersten's Diary. So, I got Kersten's Diary, read it, never found the quote or any reference whatsoever to what the Watchtower claimed. Then I found out that Kersten had left behind so many pages of handwritten material, that it was heavily edited, not once, but, I believe, six times, which each edited version being published in different countries, and with different material presented in each. The diaries have been criticized for deliberately presenting material in order to either hide certain details or distort what Kersten actually recorded. I had read the version published in Britain. There was a version published in New York which is more than likely the edition the Society used.
And speaking of different versions of publications, the Society has a history of publishing very different material in their German magazines than those published in Britain or North America.
A poster earlier had made the comment that we have a USA based view here. That is simply because the material that exposes the history of the German Watchtower to the North American audience is only recently accessible. I have discovered many interesting things from visiting German websites.
ephesians 4:11 makes for a strong case that not every member of the congregation should have to go door-to-door.. "so christ himself gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the pastors and teachers,..".
this shows that different members of the first century congregations served different ministerial functions.
so why don't the jw's say that field service is no longer compulsory for all congregation members, only for those who feel a calling for it per eph 4:11..... the mormons sort of do this with their young men and women 'elders' doing 2 years voluntary, genuinely full-time service (these mormons boys put in some big hours 6 days a week and have their meals provided for them, etc!
I think the door to door work is on its way out.
As far as all the historical literature quotations as to what they have believed to this point, they are irrelevant.
The rank and file will accept any 'new teachings' from the Society at any time. They will just spin it as 'new light'. The rank and file will eat it up and see the change as yet another sign of the Great Tribulation.
a book titled written by a long ti me ss member .rudolf franz ferdinand hoess.
here is a quote from this book : .
"a pleasant contrast to this type were the female jehovah's witnesses, called "bible bees" or "bible worms.
"I think you here have a very USA-based view on the matter and try to make that view true also for Germany, but that is utterly false. The name JW did not "hit" in Germany, and they were known as Bible Students - Bibelforscher - all the way down to and thru WWII. True, there were a very few BS in the US sense of the word also imprisoned, but in Germany JWs were known as BS and hence were very much part of the WT."
The history of the 'JWs' in Germany often leaves out the significance of Conrad Binkele.
"Addtionally, not all JWs sufferred equally, and many lived in the WWII imprisonment in relative comfortability working as servant for highest Nazi officials likes Heydrich and after war revolutionary and various retribution tribunals wanted to prosecute them for compliance with the Nazis. "
I have made a list - a lengthy list - of the assignments that the BS/Jws 'prisoners' were given during the war.
Most of this information comes from Between Resistance and Martyrdom: Jehovah's Witnesses in the Third Reich by Detlef Garbe and Dagnar G. Grimm.
The following positions are in addition to the JWs that were at Wewelsburg - Wewelsburg Castle camp held just over 300 JW prisoners from 1940 0nwards. Wewelsburg is a discussion that requires more detail than this list.
As early as 1938, Hans Loritz, the commanding officer of Dachau, had BS/Jws work for him privately. Loritz owned land near Lake Wolfgang in Salzkammergut (Austria) and used the Bible Students (crew of 9) to build a mansion boathouse and landing pier. Loritz later increased the work crew to 25 Bible Students after he had been transferred to the Sachenhausen camp in 1940. Also, SS Arthur Liebehenschel had a building project near lake Wolfgang that he used 15 Bible Students for a work crew as well.
From 1940 and on, until 1945, 30 to 40 BS/Jws were assigned to work at Bayrischzell SS Mountain Hotel and Holiday Resort in Sudelfeld am Wendelstein. Their duties there were mostly groundskeeping - parks and garden maintenance and improvement. They had a fair degrree of freedom of movement and adequate food in spite of having to work hard.
Between 30-40 BS/Jws were assigned to work at the SS Sanatorium Hohenlychen near Ravensbruck.
This was a military hospital for the SS and it was used as a health resort for the Nazi leaders. Oswald Pohl, Albert Speer, Joseph Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler, Adolph Hitler, and others were known to use this resort. The BS/Jws assigned here did not wear a camp uniform but were able to administer their duties while wearing civilian clothing.
The Sanatorium was run by Dr. Karl Gebhardt (Himmler's personal physician) who conducted surgical experiments on prisoners. He was also the president of the German Red Cross. Gebhardt was the physician who treated Reinhard Heydrich, who died from the injuries that were sustained in an attack on him. Gebhardt had refused to use sulfanamide on Heydrich's injuries and, later, conducted brutal experiments on prisoners to attempt to prove that he was right in not treating Heydrich's wounds with sulfa. Also, he was not well liked by Speers, who almost died from being treated by him. (Inside the Third Reich by Albert Speer) Gebhardt was hung in 1948.
Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, used a crew of BS/Jws (not sure how many) for construction and craftsman work at the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) that housed the Gestapo and the SS in Berlin-Lichterfelde.
Speer also used a crew of BS/Jws from Dachau to do the finishing work on the Munich Reich Chancellery that Speers had built for Hitler in 1939/40. The chancellery contained Hitler's living quarters.
In the spring of 1944, 15 BS/Jw women were assigned to the Research-Hedin Institute for Inner-Asia at Mittersill Fortress Pinzgau. The castle was used as an outpost for Mauthausen Camp - which was used mainly for female BS/Jws.
This research institute was funded by Himmler's Circle of Friends - Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft.- (a club for big business sycophants) and was concerned with investigating the genealogical heritage of the Aryan race.
The Mittersill Castle had been owned in the 30s by an American - Baron Hubert von Pantz.
Many of the BibleStudent/Jw 'prisoners' were assigned to agricultural estates during the war. These estates were owned by people with special connections or by SS officers and, usually these assignments had favorable conditions which included enough to eat - the estates were agriculturally based.
Hartzwalde Estate
- owned by Dr. Felix Kersten - Himmler's 'doctor' and private masseur
- employed 10 female Bible Students
*note - Kersten claims that he was responsible for Himmler's improved attitude to the BS/Jws. Kersten also provided information to the CIA during the war.
Comthurey Estate
- owned by Oswald Pohl - chief of the SS and WVHA - the Economic and Administrative Main Office of the Nazi SS
- used up to 50 BS/Jws from Ravensbruck
-it is here that the story of Jws being allowed to go unguarded into the forest to pick berries originates. The story is that the Jws were so trustworthy and that is why they didn't need guarding. At the time that these berry picking incidents were happening, conditions in Germany were not good - many of the general population was starving. Would you bother running away if you had a warm place to sleep and lots to eat at an estate??
Heydrich Estate
-owned by Reinhard Heydrich's widow
-she requested a crew of 15 Bs/Jws to help her on her estate after Reinhard died in 1942
- it was Lina Heydrich that petitioned Himmler to release the BS/Jws that were working on her estate. She argued that they should be released without signing the declaration usually required. Himmler agreed to this and several of the BS/Jws from this point on were released solely on a handshake.
*the form letter that BS/Jws were usually required to sign to be released was a pledge to give up the doctrines of the Watchtower and to not engage in the proselytizing work. Contrary to what most Jws today will tell you, these letters were signed by the BS/Jws in Germany that were arrested - about 50 percent of those sent to prison signed the letters before they were released and only about 10 percent signed them once they reached the camps. As John-Stucke points out in her essay, it was not advantageous to the BS/Jw prisoners to sign the letters once they reached the camps because it was in effect, potentially signing their own death warrants. The men who signed would be sent to the front to fight and rarely returned. Staying in the camps was the safest and best way for the Bible Students and JWs to survive the war. Especially when they got assignments that placed them in places of privilege that fed and clothed and sheltered them - they ate while many in the rest of Europe and Britain starved.
The myth that the BS/Jws didn't sign the papers because of God-loyalty is rather misguided - the lack of signing was not always a resistance/martyr move - it was a 'save my ass' move. Yes...many got badly treated because of not signing the papers...but many also took advantage of not serving at the front.
*Himmler's proposal to release Bs/Jws on a handshake:
"In all these cases where prisoners are partially free and have been assigned to such work we want to avoid written records and make such agreements with just a handshake."
****that is strange - a man who is known for his meticulous record keeping and he wants to avoid written records????
**** "partially free" ....once a BS/Jw got a work assignment outside of their camp - they were considered partially free and the handshake only a formality
The estates that follow were under the management of Deutsche Versuchsanstalt fur Ernahrung und Verpflegung (established by the SS in 1939).
BS/Jws were assigned to work crews on the following farms/estates (some also used female BS/Jws for cooks for the farm workers):
- Ravensbruck Estate
- Werderhof Estate (near Stutthof Concentration Camp)
- Raisko Estate (department of plant cultivation at the Kaiser Wilhem Institute)
- Harmense Poultry Farm
- Fish farming facilities at Unterfahlheim near Munich
- Rumbler Estate
- Fechter Estate
- Preller Estate
- St. Lambrecht Estate
- a farm in Fridolfing Upper Bavaria
The female BS/Jws were much prized as domestics by the SS officers; the assignment of one or more female BS/Jws was considered to be part of the SS officers' benefit packages and they were assigned in strict hierarchical order to those officers who qualified for them.
15 women were assigned out of the Auschwitz camp and included the following positions:
- one position with Dr. Edward Wirths, the Auschwitz medical doctor
- one position with Josef Kramer, the commanding officer of Auschwitz ll (Birkenau)
- 9 positions assigned each to nine unnamed SS officers
- two positions with Rudolf Hess, commanding officer
- two positions with SS Obersturmbannfuhrer Dr. Joachim Caesar, leader of the agricultural estates of the Auschwitz camp
In 1943, several BS/Jw women were selected from Ravensbruck camp to be nursemaids and cleaning ladies for families of SS leaders.
It is unknown how many were chosen for these domestic positions but they included the following families:
- Oswald Pohl, chief of WVHA (he also had a BS/Jw farm crew - already mentioned)
- SS Obergruppenfuhrer Dr. Hans Kammler, leader of Department C - building department of the WVHA
- SS Sturmbannfuhrer Karl Mummenthey, Storm Battalion Leader and Leader of Department W1 at the WVHA (building materials)
At the Buchenwald Camp, BS/Jws were assigned to work in the photo lab and in the sculptor workshop.
Also, Buchenwald was in charge of special living quarters outside of the camp that were used for special political prisoners.
The JW inmates were assigned as personal servants to these special prisoners.
The Italian King Victor Emmanuel lll was under arrest inside of Buchenwald and his daughter, Princess Mafalda of Hessen, was housed at the Fichtenhain Settlement. A female JW was transferred over from Ravensbruck to be her personal servant. The living quarters were also staffed with JWs who worked as caretakers and other servants.
The Falkenhof Settlement housed two "special prisoners" - the former French prime minister, Leon Blum and the former minister of the interior, Georg Mandel.
Joachim Escher, a JW who had also been at Wewelsburg, was assigned to be their personal servant. He cleaned house, served meals and did dishes for these two political prisoners.
Garbe also, in his book, makes reference to additional "positions of trust" and "priviledged positions" that many of the JWs were given during the war but it is unclear as to where they were assigned. He says that they were specialized craftsmen, clerks for SS officers, barbers, caretakers and cooks. Garbe also says that the JWs, during the final years of the war, held positions of "prisoners' self-administration" including foremen and supervisor positions but, only in a few cases were they 'block leaders'.
They were also selected to work under Oswald Pohl in positions of trust handling money and financial accounts for the SS.
It is interesting to note that towards the end of the war, Himmler had proposed the following concessions for the JW prisoners:
- no punishment
- no work in armament production
- work assignments to privileged positions
- concentration camp releases without the requirement to sign statement renouncing their faith