History of Head Covering for JW Women

by UnDisfellowshipped 27 Replies latest jw friends

  • rocky220
    rocky220

    head covering by women are historically to have been practiced since the rise of ancient patriarcal societies, cultures and societies that felt the need to keep the woman in her "place"...an oh so "male" oppressive & dominant view. Jews were no exception, and so this custom would be very appealing to the Borganization.....me thinks.........rocky220

  • Abaddon
    Abaddon

    Isn't it great the Sovreign Lord God of the Universe gives a flying act of copulation what a woman sticks on her head when she talks to him in the presence of a man? Such attention to detail.. truely are the hairs on our head numbered... or the tea-towels, Kleenex, sanitary towels, hankies... pity god's not more attentive to dying babies, but hair and head coverings, he's on the ball!

  • crinklestein
    crinklestein

    The first time I ever saw this was when I was visiting an eldery brother and sister and we were chatting and his wife started saying something scriptural and her husband, 'Here, you forgot this." and put a napkin on her head. I was like WHAT THE HELL IS THIS!??! It was unexpected and kinda fruity in my opinion.

  • Sara Annie
    Sara Annie
    Isn't it great the Sovreign Lord God of the Universe gives a flying act of copulation what a woman sticks on her head when she talks to him in the presence of a man? Such attention to detail.. truely are the hairs on our head numbered... or the tea-towels, Kleenex, sanitary towels, hankies... pity god's not more attentive to dying babies, but hair and head coverings, he's on the ball!

    My thoughts exactly.

    Well, not exactly, I guess. My thoughts were more like: Why the hell would any right thinking human being with a modicum of intelligence read this crap and think that what you wear on your head is governed by a few random sentences written thousands of years ago. I mean, isn't that sort of like someone reading the complete works of Dr. Seuss and then dictating that in order to live a righteous life one must be very careful never to eat with a goat, in a boat, in a house, or with a mouse?

    Commenting on this, the book “This Means Everlasting Life” states: “In the apostle’s day, and especially there in the scandalously immoral city of ancient Corinth, it was the custom for respectable women to go veiled in public. For a woman to go otherwise to public assemblies was to brand her a woman of low moral standards and easy virtue. . . . In these modern times or in lands where custom does not require women of the community to go veiled as a sign of respectability, Christian decency does not require the woman to comply with that ancient custom for the sake of the faith and organization. . . .
    ...but in the very next sentence let's just forget everything I just said about the historical reasons for such things being written, and apply them to our modern society with a broad brush. Jesus. Why is what is so glaringly apparent to anyone on the outside of this kooky organization so difficult for people on the inside to recognize? I totally buy the whole "mind-control of cults" theory and explanation, but it's still hard to see how a relatively intelligent person with a decent grasp of reality gets sucked into such a black hole of silliness.
  • teenyuck
    teenyuck

    Napkins, always paper were the choice at our home....my mother would whip out the thin piece of paper and demand that we cover our heads if our father were home.

    To this day, I hate napkins....

  • lisavegas420
    lisavegas420

    <-------------------*snickering at Sister Mouthy with her tea cozy on her head.

    Lisa

  • blackout
    blackout

    Yep my mum did the old tea towel trick. she always looked so funny and I know she felt a fool too.

  • berylblue
    berylblue
    The woman ought to have a sign of authority upon her head because of the angels," wrote the apostle Paul. Yes, Christian sisters have the privilege of being good examples to the millions of angels who loyally continue to subject themselves to Jehovah.

    Isn't it amazing that whenever women in particular, and Witnesses in general, have to do something which is basically demeaning, it's called a privilege?

    Beryl

  • wheelwithinwheel
    wheelwithinwheel

    A 12-year-old baptized son was encouraged to replace the Alpha male in his absence. He presided over his mother and sisters with due seriousness. One day the boy was invited over to lunch by a young friend, the son of an un-baptized study who attended meetings. The un-baptized dad told everyone to bow their heads. The 12-year-old "brother" refused and told the dad he shouldn't be offering prayer in his presence. He added that he would represent the group. Needless to say this caused quite a scene and it was decided that everyone would do their own silent prayer pending the WT's guidance. The boy's argument was he was the baptized representative before Jehovah. The dad felt that it was his food, his table and his house. Things went to arbitration. Can't remember how it all turned out. Just remember thinking how the WT dicks were just like the Pharisees.

  • UnDisfellowshipped
    UnDisfellowshipped

    Compare what you read above to these Scriptures:

    Mat 23:1

    Then Jesus spoke to the multitudes and to his disciples,

    Mat 23:2

    saying, "The scribes and the Pharisees sat on Moses' seat.

    Mat 23:3

    All things therefore whatever they tell you to observe, observe and do, but don't do their works; for they say, and don't do.

    Mat 23:4

    For they bind heavy burdens that are grievous to be borne, and lay them on men's shoulders; but they themselves will not lift a finger to help them.

    Mat 23:5

    But all their works they do to be seen by men. They make their phylacteries broad, enlarge the fringes of their garments,

    Mat 23:6

    and love the place of honor at feasts, the best seats in the synagogues,

    Mat 23:7

    the salutations in the marketplaces, and to be called 'Rabbi, Rabbi' by men.

    Mat 23:8

    But don't you be called 'Rabbi,' for One is your Teacher, the Christ, and all of you are brothers.

    Mat 23:9

    Call no man on the earth your father, for One is your Father, He who is in Heaven.

    Mat 23:10

    Neither be called masters, for One is your Master, the Christ.

    Mat 23:11

    But he who is greatest among you will be your servant.

    Mat 23:12

    Whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted.

    Mat 23:13

    "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you devour widows' houses, and as a pretense you make long prayers. Therefore you will receive greater condemnation.

    Mat 23:14

    "But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! Because you shut up the Kingdom of Heaven against men; for you don't enter in yourselves, neither do you allow those who are entering in to enter.

    Mat 23:15

    Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you travel around by sea and land to make one proselyte; and when he becomes one, you make him twice as much of a son of Gehenna as yourselves.

    Mat 23:16

    "Woe to you, you blind guides, who say, 'Whoever swears by the temple, it is nothing; but whoever swears by the gold of the temple, he is obligated.'

    Mat 23:17

    You blind fools! For which is greater, the gold, or the temple that sanctifies the gold?

    Mat 23:18

    'Whoever swears by the altar, it is nothing; but whoever swears by the gift that is on it, he is a obligated.'

    Mat 23:19

    You blind fools! For which is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifies the gift?

    Mat 23:20

    He therefore who swears by the altar, swears by it, and by everything on it.

    Mat 23:21

    He who swears by the temple, swears by it, and by him who was living in it.

    Mat 23:22

    He who swears by heaven, swears by the throne of God, and by him who sits on it.

    Mat 23:23

    "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and have left undone the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faith. But you ought to have done these, and not to have left the other undone.

    Mat 23:24

    You blind guides, who strain out a gnat, and swallow a camel!

    Mat 23:25

    "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and unrighteousness.

    Mat 23:26

    You blind Pharisee, first clean the inside of the cup and of the platter, that the outside of it may become clean also.

    Mat 23:27

    "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitened tombs, which outwardly appear beautiful, but inwardly are full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness.

    Mat 23:28

    Even so you also outwardly appear righteous to men, but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.

    Mat 23:29

    "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you build the tombs of the prophets, and decorate the tombs of the righteous,

    Mat 23:30

    and say, 'If we had lived in the days of our fathers, we wouldn't have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets.'

    Mat 23:31

    Therefore you testify to yourselves that you are children of those who killed the prophets.

    Mat 23:32

    Fill up, then, the measure of your fathers.

    Mat 23:33

    You serpents, you offspring of vipers, how will you escape the judgment of Gehenna?

    Mat 23:34

    Therefore, behold, I send to you prophets, wise men, and scribes. Some of them you will kill and crucify; and some of them you will scourge in your synagogues, and persecute from city to city;

    Mat 23:35

    that on you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zachariah son of Barachiah, whom you killed between the sanctuary and the altar.

    Mat 23:36

    Most assuredly I tell you, all these things will come upon this generation.

    Mat 23:37

    "Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets, and stones those who are sent to her! How often would I have gathered your children together, even as a hen gathers her chickens under her wings, and you would not allow it!

    Mat 23:38

    Behold, your house is left to you desolate.

    Also, what does the Bible truly say about women? The Article below was written by Lori MacGregor (Ex-JW Woman) and was taken from http://www.macgregorministries.org:

    The Church Controversy

    -Women-

    THE MINISTRY OF WOMEN

    How well I remember God's call on my life, and my unbelief that He would call a woman to teach! I argued with the Lord for quite some time (usually at about 2 a.m.), even quoting stern scriptures to Him.

    "I do not permit a woman to teach or exercise authority over a man, but to remain silent" (1 Timothy 2:12). "Let women keep silent in the churches, for they are not permitted to speak...." (1 Corinthians 14:34).

    Despite all this quoting of Scripture to the Lord, the call was so strong that I had no choice but to obey, and began to teach. That initial call to teach in a small mountain town in 1977 has become an international ministry blessed of God.

    Having previously been a Jehovah's Witness, my view of women was still, in 1977, highly colored by their misinterpretation of Scripture, even though I was saved in 1975. Many years down the road, I still encounter prejudice and misunderstanding regarding the ministry of women. The cults are curious in that they either stifle women (Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons, etc.) or elevate them too highly (Mary Baker Eddy of Christian Science; Ellen G. White of Seventh-day Adventists). I searched the Word of God, asking for the help of the Holy Spirit to set matters straight, and this information is a result of that search.


    GOD'S VIEW OF WOMEN

    God created men and women equally and in the image of God. Genesis 1:27 reads,

    "And God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them."

    Male and female are therefore created in the image of God. Since we as males and females are created in God's image, we are a reflection of His nature. Not only is our God all powerful, but He is all merciful. Women, created in the image of God, often best reflect this part of God's nature.


    WOMEN IN MINISTRY DOWN THROUGH THE AGES

    Women are prominent in the Bible, and functioned in the ongoing drama leading to redemption and restoration.

    EVE

    Eve was the mother of the human race. She was never inferior to Adam in nature, but she failed to submit to his headship as her husband. "Headship" and "subjection" or "submission" DO NOT translate "superior" and "inferior". We as women need to remember that.

    MIRIAM

    Miriam was a prophetess and song leader (Exodus 15:20,21), yet how many women lead the worship services today?

    DEBORAH

    Deborah was a prophetess and judge in the nation of Israel (Judges 4:4), having the power of life and death over all others, including males.

    HULDAH

    Huldah was a prophetess who was prominent enough to be consulted by Hilkiah the Priest. She counseled King Josiah, and as a result, many reforms were brought about in the nation of Israel. (See 2 Chronicles 34:22-33).

    WISE WOMAN OF TEKOA

    2 Samuel chapter fourteen records that this wise woman of Tekoa was the instrument for saving the nation of Israel from needless bloodshed.

    ESTHER

    The book of Esther records how this faithful woman spoke up to save her people from genocide in the days of wicked Haman.

    ABIGAIL

    Abigail was a spiritually-aware woman who challenged David to answer his high calling from the Lord. (1 Samuel 25:20-31).


    THE AVERAGE WOMAN IN ISRAEL

    The average woman in Israel was not a dowdy housewife. A careful reading of Proverbs chapter 31 indicates that while she was effectively running her household, she was also involved in industry and ran a business. Women handled money and knew how to make a profit, and their husbands were proud of them!


    WOMEN AND THE HOLY SPIRIT

    The prophet Joel foretold a time of great outpouring of the Holy Spirit on women. Joel 2:28, 29 records,

    "And it will come about after this that I will pour out My Spirit on all mankind; and your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions. And even on the male and female servants I will pour out My Spirit in those days."


    CHRIST AND WOMEN

    Our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, made no sex distinction in spiritual gifts and ministries. Galations 3:28 plainly says,

    "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus."

    The promised Holy Spirit fell on all (Acts 2) and removed the distinctions for ministry. 1 Peter 2:5 shows we are all equally saved and empowered by the Holy Spirit.

    "You also, as living stones, are being built up as a spiritual house for a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ." Revelation 1:6 refers to all believers and makes the same promises to all, "and He has made us to be a kingdom, priests to His God and Father; to Him be the glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen."


    SPIRITUAL GIFTS

    1 Corinthians, chapter 12, lists the various spiritual gifts. Notice verse 11 which shows that these various gifts are given to each one individually as He wills.

    "But one and the same Spirit works all these things, distributing to each one individually just as He wills."

    The Holy Spirit wills these gifts to women as well as men.


    WHAT ABOUT THOSE TROUBLESOME SCRIPTURES ON WOMEN?

    HEAD COVERING

    1 Corinthians 11:13-16 reads,

    "Judge for yourselves; is it proper for a woman to pray to God with head uncovered? Does not even nature itself teach you that if a man has long hair, it is a dishonor to him, but if a woman has long hair it is a glory to her? For her hair is given to her for a covering. But if one is inclined to be contentious, we have no other practice, nor have the churches of God." (NAS)

    The first phrase we notice is "Judge for yourselves". Paul is saying "pay attention to the culture of your country" or "decide on a local basis". Paul has just previously been talking about the interdependence and subordination between partners. 1 Corinthians 11:11 & 12 read,

    "However, in the Lord, neither is woman independent of man, nor is man independent of woman. For as the woman originates from the man, so also the man has his birth through the woman; and all things originate from God."So, although a woman, or more specifically, a wife, is in submission to her husband, no inferiority of nature is implied, and in the body of Christ, we are all to submit, one to the other. Ephesians 5:21 says,

    "...and be subject to one another in the fear of Christ."

    Notice that Paul makes it clear that a woman's covering is her hair. Therefore we should not feel obliged to wear a head-covering while functioning in church. However, if it is the custom of the country to do so, then we should.

    Verse 16, of 1 Corinthians 11 is interesting in that most translations are similar to the rendering in the New American Standard Version:

    "But if one is inclined to be contentious, we have no OTHER practice, nor have the churches of God."

    However, on checking out the word-for-word translation of Greek into English, this verse literally reads,

    "But if any man seem to contentious, we have no such custom, neither the churches of God." (The Renaissance New Testament, Volume 13, page 20).

    Why insert the word "OTHER" to make it appear that the church universal was practicing veiling or covering women's heads? If that is the local custom, and the local church judges it to be necessary, then fine, but otherwise don't bother! No wonder Paul chides them for being contentious and flatly states, "we have no practice, nor have the churches of God."!

    Bondage always comes from man-made rules, but liberty comes from Christ!


    SILENCE IN THE CHURCH!

    Let's begin by quoting a troublesome scripture, 1 Corinthians 14:34 & 35:

    "Let the women keep silent in the churches; for they are not permitted to speak, but let them subject themselves, just as the Law also says, and if they desire to learn anything, let them ask their own husbands at home, for it is improper for a woman to speak in church." (NAS)At first glance, this scripture seems clear - women--keep silent in church! However, let's examine this scripture phrase by phrase. "Let the women keep silent in the churches; for they are not permitted to speak."

    Okay women, taking this phrase by itself, we can stop greeting our friends in Christ as we enter the church building. We can stop singing, forget about vocal worship, never read a scripture aloud or pray on behalf of others, and on no account may we teach a Sunday School class!

    In other words, put on a muzzle in the church ladies! Silence is silence! Now, even the strictest denomination does not enforce this phrase to the letter, because it obviously cannot mean what we just stated, although literally it may appear to say just that. God is not a God of confusion. He did not inspire Paul to tell women about head covering as a sign of submission (not inferiority) while she is praying or prophesying (clearly not silent endeavors!) in the church, and then nullify it later for we read in 1 Corinthians 11:5,

    "But every woman who has her head uncovered while PRAYING or PROPHESYING disgraces her head..."

    After stating these guidelines on audible practices, Paul did not then a few statements later order women to be totally silent! If women prayed and prophesied in the church, and they certainly did, then they were not silent, since praying and prophesying were done aloud. 1 Corinthians 14:3,4 states,

    "But one who prophecies speaks to men for edification and exhortation and consolation...one who prophecies edifies the church."

    Exhortation and edification are a form of teaching, and this was done vocally in assembly, and women prayed and prophesied and edified the church. Since women were therefore NOT to be silent, what did 1 Corinthians 14:34 really mean? We must continue to the next phrase to get clarification,

    "but let them (women) subject themselves just as the law also says..."

    Aha! All this talk of silence has something to do with "the law". Notice I say "the law", small "l". Some Bibles say "the Law", big "L", inferring that this is God's Law to Israel. Not so, since nowhere in God's Law are women silenced. What law then is Paul talking about?


    WHAT IS "the law"?

    We must research and find out what law was in existence during Paul's time that silenced women. The search leads us to the Talmud and the oral law of the Jews.

    Yes, it was the Jewish traditions and their law that silenced women with statements like,

    "It is a shame for women to let her voice be heard among men." "The voice of a woman is filthy nakedness."

    No wonder Jesus said the Jews had made the word of God invalid by their traditions! (Matthew 15:6)


    INFLUENCE OF JUDAIZERS

    Judaizers were present in the early congregations and were determined to bring the liberated churches back into Judaism and its bondage. (See Acts chapters 13 through 15). They obviously even attempted to bring Gentile congregations such as the Corinthians into the fold of Judaism, and silence the ministry gifts and offices of the women. Paul was often correcting such like ones. For example, in Titus 1:13,14, he says that those, "sound in faith" will "not pay attention to Jewish myths and commandments of men who turn away from the truth."

    The Bible goes on to say in Titus 2:3, "Older women likewise are to be reverent in their behavior, not malicious gossips, nor enslaved to much wine, teaching what is good."

    Yes, women did use their voices to teach! So, in fairness, we ask is it possible that Paul was quoting the Jewish Oral Law in 1 Corinthians 14:34,35 when he said these controversial words,

    "Let the women keep silent in the churches; for they are not permitted to speak, but let them subject themselves, just as the law also says, and if they desire to learn anything, let them ask their husbands at home, for it is improper for a woman to speak in church."

    Since punctuation was added later, we must allow for this possibility, since Paul definitely was not quoting anything God ever said in His Law. Rather Paul seems to be stating the error and then correcting it. It strongly appears that verses 36-40 immediately following are a correction of this wrong view.

    "Was it from you that the word of God first went forth? Or has it come to you only? If anyone thinks he is a prophet or spiritual, let him recognize that the things which I write to you are the Lord's commandment. But if any one does not recognize this, he is not recognized. Therefore, my brethren, desire earnestly to prophesy, and do not forbid to speak in tongues. But let all things be done properly and in an orderly manner." (1 Corinthians 14:36-40).

    It does indeed appear that Paul was correcting the "forbidding", not stating a new doctrine contradicting everything else he ever said on the subject of women!


    WHAT ABOUT 1 TIMOTHY 2:12?

    "But I do not allow a woman to teach or exercise authority over a man, but to remain quiet."

    On the surface, this seems to be "the clincher" for silencing women in the church, and often this scripture is linked up with 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 as related scriptures to silence women.

    Should these two scriptures take precedence over all others concerning the ministry and gifts of women? Obviously not, and just as we took a close look at 1 Corinthians 14:34 and 35, let's also look closer at 1 Timothy 2:12.

    First off, what is its context or setting? Paul is definitely addressing women, but what kind--all women, married women, single women, divorced or widowed women--which? Paul does not use the Greek word "Thelus" or "female", but uses rather, the Greek word "Gune" which means "wife" "woman" "specifically a wife". (Greek Dictionary of the New Testament, p. 21, Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible).

    Therefore, 1 Timothy 2:12 is written to wives, or married women. Does this mean then that only single women can teach? No, for teaching is not the subject of this portion of scripture, rather adornment is the subject. Let's read the full context from verses 9 through 12 of 1 Timothy 2:

    "Likewise I want women to adorn themselves with proper clothing, modestly and discreetly, not with braided hair and gold or pearls or costly garments; but rather by means of good works, as befits women making claim to godliness. Let a woman quietly receive instruction with entire submissiveness. But I do not allow a woman to teach or exercise authority over a man, but to remain quiet."

    On the subject of proper dress then, a wife would "quietly receive instruction with entire submissiveness" from her husband. In the matter of dress, Paul did not allow a woman (wife) to "teach or exercise authority over a man, (husband), but to remain quiet." Paul was also honest enough to state that this was his word,--notice the phrase, "I want". He did not present this as a word from the Lord. (See also 1 Corinthians chapter 7, for an example of this distinction).

    Interestingly enough, the exact Greek word used here for women to be "quiet" or "silent", is identical with the word for men to be "silent" in 2 Thessalonians 3:12,

    "Now them that are such we command and exhort by our Lord Jesus Christ that with quietness they work, and eat their own bread."

    Men are therefore under the same command as women to have a quietness about them as befits God's servants. Neither are to be silent in church.

    We have already shown from previous references that a woman was not silent or quiet in church, so this is not referring to church, but to the matter of a woman dressing to please her husband. After all, married women, we should seek to please our husbands in the matter of our dress. Paul specifically used the Greek word "anayr" which is an individual male or husband.

    We should consider our husband's taste in clothing. My husband detested the dowdy clothes I wore as a Jehovah's Witness, and asked me to "brighten up" my wardrobe, which I was glad to do to please him. Unmarried women can please themselves within the godly guidelines of modesty. Women are not automatically subject to or submissive to every man, but to their husbands. Nowhere are all women told to be subject to all men. This enslaving teaching is not inspired of God! Ephesians 5:22 says,

    "Wives, be subject to your own husbands, as to the Lord.".

    Those wishing to have further insight on 1 Tim. 2:11-15 might wish to read ''I Suffer Not a Women'' by R & C Kroeger (published by Baker Book House.) They present the possibility of a misstranslation of an obscure verb used only in this scripture.


    THE MINISTRY OF WOMEN

    IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

    Consider the wide range of ministry women enjoyed in the New Testament.

    PRISCILLA

    Acts 18:18 mentions a ministry team Paul and Silas traveled with, namely Priscilla and Aquila. Priscilla was mentioned first, indicating her stature on the team. Acts 18:26 records Priscilla (first) and Aquila (secondly) explaining doctrine to Apollos,

    "and he began to speak out boldly in the synagogue. But when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside and explained to him the way of God more accurately."

    Shame on the King James Version translators for reversing the order of the Greek words to give Aquila first mention! We do find male bias among translators, down through the ages, unfortunately.

    PHOEBE

    Phoebe is called in Greek, "diakonos" or "deacon". Why do Bible translators use the word "deacon" when the scriptures refer to men (20 times), and yet when the same word applies to a woman, suddenly the translation becomes "servant" or "helper", or even the invented word "deaconess". Phoebe was a "deacon" or "minister" the same as the men. Obviously, Phoebe was not silent. (See Romans 16:1).

    JUNIA

    Who ever heard a sermon preached that mention Junia? Could it be because the woman Junia was an APOSTLE?! Romans 16:7 reads,

    "Greet Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellow prisoners, who are outstanding among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me."

    Yes, Junia was not only an apostle, but "outstanding among the apostles". Shame on the male bias of translations changing the femine "Junia" to the masculine "Junias".

    DAUGHTERS OF PHILIP

    Mention is made in Acts 21:9 of the four daughters of Phillip who were prophets in the church. Hardly a silent position!


    EARLY CHURCH HISTORY

    In the Vancouver Sun of Saturday, March 22nd, 1980, there appeared an article entitled "Photographs evidence early Christian Women were priests, bishops". The article refers to the following items:

    A first Century fresco in a Roman catacomb which depicts seven women priests celebrating the Eucharist. Later paintings of the same scene, according to Dr. Irvin, have changed the women to men.

    A Fourth Century catacomb fresco, also in Rome, that shows a woman being ordained by a bishop. A mosaic in Rome's Church of St. Praxedis, made as early as the Fifth Century or as late as the Ninth, of the head of a woman wearing a coif (indicating she is unmarried) and bearing the inscription "Theodora Episcopa", or Bishop Theodora.

    Dr. Irvin, who was a photographer for the Biblical Archaeological Institute at Tubingen University in Germany, reports that the post-cards sold of Theodora have a dark shadow that falls on the upper left corner of the mosaic, rendering the words "Theodora Episcopa" illegible!

    Dr. Irvin furthermore believes that she has the proof that women from the First Century, and possibly as late as the Ninth Century, had full clergy status. We women seem to have had a rocky time of it since the early days of the church!


    WHAT SHOULD OUR ATTITUDE

    AS WOMEN BE?

    I believe the time is at hand for women to rise up and be all God intended us to be! We can be handmaidens of the Lord like Elizabeth, the mother of John (see Luke 1:6; 39-56), or Mary the mother of Jesus, or Anna, an elderly intercessor in prayer (Luke 2:36-38). Remember that it was Mary of Bethany who was the only one who comprehended Christ's death and burial in advance! (Matthew 26:12).

    Our ministry may be to assist our husbands in their ministry, giving them all the support and prayers we can muster. However, some of us have been directly called of God and appointed by Him to serve in the body of Christ.

    "And He gave some as apostles, and some as prophets, and some as evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers, for the equipping of the saints for the work of service to the building up of the body of Christ." (Ephesians 4:11,12).

    Yes, some of these calls do go out to women, and we need to be prepared to enter a life of service to the Lord. Sometimes this service is harder due to male prejudice, but we can always have the victory in Jesus Christ. I thank God that when he called me, He also supplied a husband willing to support me and work shoulder-to-shoulder with me in the ministry to the cults.

    Although I doubted the Lord would do it in the beginning, He has opened doors into virtually all denominations, Bible Colleges, and the media and has used us many times to break down the bars of prejudice against women ministering. To God be the glory for the things He has done!

    So women, the choice is ours--we can either be relegated to the background and never realize our full potential in the Lord, or we can step out in the power of the Holy Spirit and take our rightful place in the body of Christ.

    In closing, I'd like to quote Psalms 68:11,

    "THE LORD GIVES THE COMMAND:

    THE WOMEN WHO PROCLAIM THE

    GOOD TIDINGS ARE A GREAT HOST!

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