smiddy: Which brings me to the unprcedented rise and spread of Islam in the world today .
Well, it may look 'unprecedented,' but the initial rise of Islam was actually far more impressive
In 624 CE the Mediterranean world looked like this:
You can see the tiny patch of green in what is now Saudi Arabia and see the start of Islamic influence. By far the most important Empire is the Christian Eastern Roman (Byzantine). In fact Christianity's most important centres were concentrated in western Asia.The second most important empire was Sasanian Iran, nearly as powerful, and in fact (without the rise of Islam) likely to have been (at that stage) at least the equal of the Eastern Roman Empire. Lots of Christians there too, but it was the source of Zoroastrianism which had already influenced Judaism and possibly the development of Christianity.it could be argued that it also influenced Indian thought,
(the map is from the web-site, Historical Atlas of the Mediterrean: http://explorethemed.com/RiseIslam.asp
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Now take a look at a similar map, that shows the unprecedented spread of Islam in less that 150 years (750 CE):
See the web-site, Oxford Islamic Studies online:
http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t253/e17
And just a year later (751 CE) a battle between China's Tang dynasty and the Islamic Arab Abbasid Caliphate at the Talas River, (on the border of contemporary Kazakhstan and Kyrgystan) saw the Chinese forces defeated and the Abbasid's gain control of the wealth of the western Silk road Trading Network.
But the history of Islam is not one of unity - within the Islamic areas, ambitious men often overthrew the existin government and created new empires. At the same time Arab traders criss-crossed Asia, and helped the spread of Islam. And Islamic scholars preserved much of the wisdom of ancient Greece and added their own (sometimes brilliant) scholarship.
This last map development shows the further development of Islam. But there is much more to the story of why we have the current crisis on our hands.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0VdJAgLRoE
But I would argue that Islam peaked long ago.