Hallowe'en is adopted from the Pagan/Witch Samhain (pronounced saw-win or sow-in) and All Soul's/Saint's Day.
Samhain is the start of winter and the old Celtic/Witch's new year. This is a time when the ancestors are honoured, divinations for the new
year are performed, and festivals are held in honour of the gods. It is a
time of final harvest before the long winter ahead and special bonfires lit. These were deemed to have protective and cleansing powers and there were rituals involving them.
Samhain is seen as a time when the boundary between this world and the Otherworld could more easily be crossed - 'the thinning of the veil' as it is sometimes referred to. This meant spirits (or fairies) could more easily come into our world. Most scholars see these as remnants of the pagan gods and nature spirits. At Samhain, it was believed that the spirits needed to be propitiated to ensure that the people and their livestock survived the winter. Offerings of food and drink were left outside for them. The souls of the dead were also thought to revisit their homes seeking hospitality. Feasts were had, at which the souls of dead kin were beckoned to attend and a place set at the table for them. Mumming and guising were part of the festival, and involved people going door-to-door in costume (or in disguise), often reciting verses in exchange for food. The costumes may have been a way of imitating, and disguising oneself from the spirits. Divination rituals and games were also a big part of the festival and often involved nuts and apples. In the late 19th century, Sir John Rhys and Sir James Frazer suggested that it was the "Celtic New Year", and this view has been repeated by some other scholars.
