by happy man 17 Replies latest watchtower medical
I read today in an economic newspaper that one companý named Sangart from San Diego have solvd the problem to do syntetich blood, the take out fraktions from red bloodsells, as I understand the part how is related to oxigen, the produkt will be on the market inn about 2 year, this must bee very good news fore JW all over the word, so hopfully this problem soon is behind us.
Some one here who now more about this?
I wonder sometimes if this (or something like this) is what the WT lawyers are hopeing and praying for ... a scientific solution to yank their feet from the blood fire. That way they win both counts - removal of a policy that is obviously wrong w/out having to 'own up' to their incorrectness.
The starting material for PEG-hemoglobin
Strange they use it as a carrier, since polyethyleneglycol (PEG) is toxic to cells.
One of the primary blood substitute products, Hemopure, is actually made out of cow's blood. The Society appears to endorse it, but I fail to see how that is anymore acceptable than human blood.
The development of sythetic blood would be a tremendous breakthrough for medical science. From what I have heard, though, it has significant problems to overcome before it can begin to replace the real thing.
Undoubtedly it would get the society out of a pickle. But, whatever happens, the one thing that we know for sure is that JWs will be irrelevant.
TSK TSK --- nothing to stand strong against in an emergency situation --- how oh how will the dubs show Jehovaq that they will stand for his principles when they no longer apply --- to anyone.
Blessed are the scientific, for they expect to inherit the wind.
this must bee very good news fore JW all over the word, so hopfully this problem soon is behind us.
It's not gonna help those who died because of this insane doctrine. My granddaughter died because of this insane policy.
What's this policy gonna do? Bring back the loved-ones?
This Governing Body who thinks of these insane policies has to go, then these insane doctrines will go.
I hope the GB will need blood, then you'll see how quick the doctrines will change, because they value their own lives more than any living children.
Bloodguilty predator that's what this GB is.
They've increased human suffering. But they don't care. Let the children die. Who cares. As long as Jehovah's Name is sanctified.
As long as Jehovah's Name is sanctified.
Actually, we should probably leave Jehovah out of this. If he exists, he would be rolling over in his grave about what is being done in his name. Their only interest is in selling more Watchtowers.
The "blood issue" is pure unadulterated JW bullcrap! It is a SIN! God will judge those that add to his word.
Hello Happy man,
Thanks for the latest update on Blood researches.
Excellent stuff and very logical comments.
Please , allow me to add the following in behalf
of all those with very little time to spare in long
researches on the web.
Notice: All the following informations are taken from " SANGART " home page:
From this link: http://www.sangart.com/
Sangart is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to improving transfusion practices worldwide.
The company is focused on the research, development, and commercialization of innovative transfusion medicine solutions to the
benefit of all people. Based on pre-clinical studies, Sangart's lead product, Hemospan TM , appears to fulfill the three fundamental requirements for a successful alternative to blood transfusion: efficacy, safety, and affordability.
and this :
http://www.sangart.com/products/
1) Sangart is developing two general classes of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, Hemospan TM and Hemospan PS TM . A basic element of the Sangart business strategy is to develop a series of safe and effective oxygen carriers for treatment of blood loss, specific to diverse medical indications.
2)
Hemospan TM combines low hemoglobin concentration with high oxygen transport capability. Hemoglobin is harvested from outdated human blood and combined with PEG to eliminate the toxicity of free hemoglobin. It has been shown in laboratory testing that pegylation of the hemoglobin is an effective shield against immunologic reactions. PEG is used in several pharmaceutical formulations and has extensive safety documentation.
3)
Hemospan PS TM combines Hemospan TM with a volume expander, pentastarch. Hemospan PS TM maintains the potent volume expansion and capillary flow properties of Hemospan TM but requires less hemoglobin for efficacy. Thus its cost will be low, and it may find wider application in markets where cost is limiting. Pentastarch is approved for human use in many countries throughout the world and has extensive safety documentation.
4)
Special formulations are being developed for military and disaster applications. Sangart is also working on novel methods to prepare SFH and Hemospan TM . Sangart believes that these methods will eliminate substantially the need to build big, complex factories to handle blood processing for manufacture into Hemospan TM and will therefore extend the Hemospan TM family of products into markets that are now underserved by transfusion medicine practices.
F.AQ.
1. How much research and development have gone into Sangart's products and approaches?
The research that has culminated in formation of Sangart began in 1985 in the U.S. Army's Blood Research Division in San Francisco. In the 6 years that Dr. Winslow directed that program, approximately $17 million was invested in in-house and contract research. A 5-year NIH-supported Program Project Grant provided an additional $4 million, approximately. Therefore, the total investment has been over $20 million. In contrast to industry-sponsored research, this entire program has been rigorously reviewed at every stage by our peers, and the program has contributed well over 100 original, peer-reviewed publications related to blood substitutes and hundreds of additional publications, books and reviews on related subjects.
2. What are the key discoveries that have led to Sangart's products?
The physiology of oxygen transport by cell-free hemoglobin has been a multidisciplinary effort involving physical chemistry, physiology and microcirculation studies. New methods were developed, as a part of our research program, for measuring the physical properties of hemoglobin solutions, including oxygen binding, and for measuring oxygen in highly focused areas inside vessels. The diffusive properties of hemoglobin molecules were discovered using artificial capillary instrumentation invented in our laboratory. Clinically realistic animal models were utilized to test the new theories and to verify that the new formulations perform as predicted.
3. What are the pharmacoeconomics of Sangart's products?
This is a very exciting aspect of Sangart's approach. Because the product is designed and optimized for oxygen delivery, even a very small amount is effective in animals. Most commercial products currently require 2 units of donor blood for each unit of product. Sangart's process will deliver 3-5 units of product for each unit of donor blood used as raw material. This is a 10-fold gain in efficiency compared to existing products. Since the major cost of donor blood lies in testing, the cost savings will be even more than 10-fold. A precise analysis of the final cost of Sangart's product is proprietary, but certain products are designed to be cost-competitive with donor blood.
4. Why will Sangart's product be successful, when the competing products have all been disappointing?
In 1992, Dr. Winslow's book, Hemoglobin-based Red Cell Substitutes, summarized the current understanding of these products, including the provisional recommendation that a successful product should have 1) low viscosity, 2) low oncotic pressure and 3) oxygen affinity similar to that of blood. The competing companies fixed the characteristics of their products prior to that time. The research program, begun at Letterman Army Institute of Research and continued at UCSD, was aimed at testing these recommendations. Thirteen years of public, peer-reviewed research have shown that each of the assumptions was incorrect. This research was only possible because it was not aimed at developing any particular product, rather at understanding underlying mechanisms. In addition, Dr. Winslow's group was in the unique position to test and compare hemoglobins which represent each of the classes of commercial products. The counterintuitive conclusions reached by the group are being accepted in the scientific community, but slowly. This has created for Sangart a window of opportunity to introduce and develop novel products that not only function in biological systems, but will have substantially lower cost because they deliver oxygen in optimal, clearly understood ways.
5. Why don't competing products deliver oxygen in the way that Sangart's does?
We have shown that sizes of some of the competitors' molecules are too small and their viscosities are too low to be effective oxygen carriers. Consequently, these products deliver their oxygen to vessel walls, producing vasoconstriction which consumes oxygen and prevents it from reaching tissues where it is needed.
6. Does Sangart's product pick up CO2 as well as deliver O2?
Yes. In fact, we are the only group that has studied this problem. Our new instrumentation (the artificial capillary) has allowed us to make direct measurements of CO2 pickup and release.
7. Does Sangart's product circulate long enough to be of practical use?
PEG-modified hemoglobins have the longest known circulating half-times (a half-time is the time at which one-half of the administered dose is still present in the circulation). In general, intramolecular-crosslinks lead to 12 hour half-time, polymerizations lead to 20 hour half-times. Based on experiments in animals, we anticipate half-times in excess of 2 days. Theoretical considerations have led us to believe that this half-time is long enough to allow the body to replace a substantial part of lost red cells on its own.
"Blood shortages, once a seasonal threat, have become year-round crises in many parts of the country, disrupting surgical schedules and forcing hospitals to make precarious treatment decisions." - Los Angeles Times , July 15th 2001
"More than two-thirds of the world's nations are failing to supply safe blood to their populations. Their failure adds significantly to the spread of the virus that causes AIDS as well as potentially deadly forms of hepatitis and other diseases." - The New York Times, July 4th, 2000
"All donated blood undergoes strict testing; even so, of the nation's 12 million units of donated blood, about 10 H.I.V. infected units are undetected each year, causing about two or three H.I.V. infections annually." - The New York Times, 9/15/00
"For the first time, the government is starting a day-to-day tracking system to monitor the nation's blood supply and sound an alarm when shortages loom." - San Diego Union Tribune, August 21, 2001
"Artificial blood would be a blessing." --Bernadine Healy, President, American Red Cross, March 4, 2001
"There are striking disparities in the safety and availability of blood among nations with high, medium, and low human development indices. Problems include limited availability of donors, laboratory supplies, inappropriate use of scarce resources and weakness or lack of national blood transfusion services and standards." -- Dr. Jean Emmanuel, Director of Blood Safety and Clinical Technology at the World Health Organization
"Amoung the obstacles to establish modern blood technology in developing countries are the lack of self-sufficiency, unsustainable supplies of reagents and tests, inadequate regulation of blood products, no plans for recruitment of volunteer donors, insufficient funds, and lack of training for staff." --Dr. Mohammed El-Nageh, International Consortium for Blood Safety
"The prevelance of transfusion-transmissible disease in a developing country is roughly 100 times in the donor population compared to the developed world. The smaller size of blood banks and the absence of health insurance in developing countries are an immediate constraint against expensive safety measures." --Dr. Jean-Piere Alain
"Some rural communities in China have some of the highest localized rates of HIV infection in the world: some say 20 percent." --Elisabeth Rosenthal, New York Times, October 28, 2000
"In most developing countries there are small, private markets for safe blood that meets the highest standards, but these comprise only about 10 percent of the total market." --Dr. Rajen Dalal
Analysis of air and blood samples from the summit of Mount Everest in 1981 required construction of specialized equipment that could be carried in a back pack and which could be powered by batteries or solar panels. This work led to development of instruments and techniques that were critical to the development of Hemospan TM .
Some anthropological groups, such as this Sherpa of the Himalaya, can withstand life-long exposure to low oxygen without apparent permanent effects. Other groups which have not resided as long at altitude, such as South American Indians, develop severe problems. Some researchers believe that Sherpas have undergone genetic adaptation to high altitude life.
Collection of expired (alveolar) air on the summit of Mount Everest in 1981 allowed analysis of the delivery of oxygen by red cells which was one the the first clues that in some conditions it may be more desirable for the red cells to bind oxygen more avidly, rather than less, in order to absorb adequate amounts of oxygen in the lungs. This work led to the formulation of the hypotheses which were critical to the theoretical basis of Hemospan TM development.
The study of high altitude residents of South America with "Chronic Mountain Sickness" (or Monge's disease) has been valuable in understanding the way in which normal red cells deliver oxygen as well as how the body regulates its red cell production.
"Last year, the tally of blood transfusions climbed to a record high. More people are donating blood than ever before, but a rapidly aging society is using it up even faster as the number of elective surgeries and medical treatments requiring blood transfusions continues to rise." - Science News, Volume 159, 3/31/01
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That?s all.
Greetings, J.C.MacHislopp
Co incidentally I read this today
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3207291.stm
I do not think the two sories are related. This one does not seem to help the situation for JWs if it is made from red blood cells
