Essentially, a BS pays interest to its investors whilst charging interest to it's borrowers. The interest rate is linked to the bank rate, so that, theoretically, a lender will always make some interest from the borrower.
Thanks for the link, Eman. But as I understand it, the difference between bank and building society is quite exactly nil from the viewpoint of national economy.
BTW, I have tried to get some data on home ownership in Europe by way of Google. Unfortunately, my trusty OECD CDROM at home doesn't include that. According to a recent Guardian article, Britain doesn't seem to have such a top position in home ownership (which surprised me):
Low interest rates, as well as huge demand from foreign and domestic buyers, have led property prices in Spain and Portugal to surge over the past four to five years. These countries have a strong tradition of home ownership - 80% of Spanish homes are owner-occupied... Italy, like other southern European countries, has a high level of owner occupancy - around 70%.
Source:
http://money.guardian.co.uk/theeuroandyou/story/0,11453,623703,00.html
According to a very interesting paper (or actually slideshow presentation) I found in that search,
- mortgage debt was at 60% of GDP in 1994, which is very high compared to the rest of Europe. As you say, housing seems to play a very important role in Britain.
- about 80% of outstanding personal debt in the UK was at floating rates in 1996, which is also very high. This would appear to confirm my suggestion that rising interest rates will become a problem for the "deficit spenders" quite soon (assuming that interest rates will go up within the next year).
Source: Huw Pill, Monetary policy in three currency areas ( http://www.people.hbs.edu/hpill/JCHS.pdf)
The graphs are really quite interesting. Britain has somewhat high levels of home ownership, but not _very_ high compared to other countries. If you take France for comparison, there isn't much difference. However, the reliance on floating-rate mortgages is drastically higher in Britain than anywhere else (again, look at France!). I wonder why?
f., who can't help being fascinated by macroeconomics, even though most people think that's boring :-)