What I really need is someone to have a go at putting together an actual chronology for the period Nisan 13/14/15 in some sort table that is easy to read. Now there’s a challenge!
John 19:14's reference to the trial being "preparation for passover" is mistranslated or inadquately translated. The Greek is "de (but) preparation for passover". When "de" is used in front of a designated time of the day or a certain special day it's a reference to just before that time. Thus Jesus' trial at Noon "de preparation for passover" was BEFORE the preparation day for Passover which began that evening. Since we know that Jesus ate the actual passover on Nisan 14/15 this could not be the day BEFORE Nisan 14, which is "preparation for passover."
But the term "preparation for passover" is a term that refers to the day before the special sabbath of passover and thus can apply to either of the two high sabbaths of Passover. One sabbath of passover was Nisan 15 and the other Nisan 21st. That is, the first and 7th days of the passover week. Therefore, John 19:14's reference would refer to the afternoon before the second "preparation for passover" sabbath, which is Nisan 20th, so in effect, the trial was at Noon on Nisan 19th.
This harmonizes completely with other chronology associated with Jesus' death. One critical note being that Jesus must die ON PREPARATION before a sabbath day. What witnesses and many others don't understand is that Passover when eaten after sundown is actually eaten on the sabbath day of the 1st day of Passover. If you will check Exodus 12 you'll see that the first of the seven days of Passover begins not on Nisan 15 but on "Nisan 14, in the evening." Exodus 12:18 - "In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, in the evening you are to eat unfermented cakes down til the twenty-first day of the month, in the evening. Seven days..."
So basically, Jesus was arrested on the first day of unfermented cakes, the very night the Jews left Egypt which was not Nisan 14 but Nisan 15! (Numbers 33:3) Since this was a Saturday AND a sabbath day in 33CE, there is no way Jesus could have died the same day he was arrested and still be in the tomb for "three days and three nights".
But when you date Jesus' trial correctly at Noon on Nisan 19th, before preparation for the sabbath of the 21st, then Jesus dies at Noon the following day, Nisan 20th. He is put into the tomb before sundown which begins a sabbath day. But this is not the usual Saturday sabbath but a "high sabbath" which is the term the Jews use to refer to a special sabbath that is not a Saturday, like any of the special holidays or one of the two special sabbaths of passover. Thus this "high sabbath" reference is to the high-sabbath of Nisan 21st, which was a Friday. This sabbath was thus followed by a second sabbath, that Saturday, the 22nd. It is in this way, with two sabbaths back to back that Jesus can die one day before a sabbath and rise one day after a sabbath and still be in the tomb for parts of THREE NIGHTS. Those three nights are Thursday night (Nisan 20/21), Friday night (Nisan 21/22) and Saturday night (Nisan 22/23).
That's the long and short of it. And this dating has tested true for all other references though unfamiliarity with the true ritual of passover and the way the Jews calculated their dates and dating makes some things confusing. But for your further information, there are some key points:
1. Jesus was arrested at night on the sabbath day of Nisan 15th, a Saturday. That is the day that the Jews had a special "solemn assembly" at Noon in which they partook of a special sabbath meal. The reference for when Jesus appeared before Pilate which was "de early" is a reference to just before the "early EVENING" watch. There were three "evening watches" of 3 hours each. Early from Noon to 3:00 p.m. Mid-evening from 3:00 to sunset, and "late" which was from sunset to 9:00 p.m. Thus "de early" was just before noon when they were to eat the special passover Noon meal. Thus that was the reason the Jews around Noon didn't want to defile themselves for eating this passover meal. It was not a reference to the Seder passover meal that had obviously already been eaten.
But just to assure you that more than just one day was involved from the time Jesus ate the meal until he died, note that Jesus is impaled per Mark 15:25 at the "third hour" which is 9 o'clock but his trial was at Noon, the 6th hour. Further, at the same sixth hour it got dark, remember? So how can Jesus be on trial at the sixth hour and it get dark with him already on the torture stake? I doesn't work! Thus the true chronology of events as you requested are briefly as follows:
CHRONOLOGY OF LAST PASSOVER WEEK:
Nisan 14 in the morning Jesus sends John and Peter to prepare for traditional passover. One of them has to take the lamb to the temple to be sacrifices where the sacrifices begin specifically around 3:00 p.m. to fulfill the "between the two evenings" reference. The first evening was at Noon and the second evening at sunset, so BETWEEN the two evenings was a reference to 3:00 p.m. That's is the same time Jesus died 7 days later on the subsequent day of preparation.
After sundown of Nisan 14th (note the precise date did not change until Midnight per ancient Jewish tradition, it was still Nisan 14 until midnight), the sabbath began. This was the first day of unfermented cakes. Thus the Seder meal is actually eaten on a sabbath day. This was Friday night, 33CE.
Judas left "de night" which is a reference to just before the night watch which was from 9:00 p.m. to Midnight. The others remained in the room per Jewish tradition until Midnight when the meal ends.
After Midnight Jesus goes into the garden of Gethseme and sometime before 3:00 a.m. he is arrested.
Right at sunrise, he is taken to the Sanhedrin and interrogated. This takes nearly 6 hours.
Right before Noon ("de (but) early") he is taken before Pilate which is the usual time Pilate sees the people, around Noon. The Jews don't enter into the palace since it is still the sabbath of the first day of unfermented cakes and they had to remain clean in order to partake of the special sabbath meal at Noontime. Jesus is interrogated and they tease him that afternoon until Pilate finds out he is from Galilee and then sends him to Herod.
Herod was not expecting him and may not have seen him or set up any special trial for him until the next day or even the following day. But Jesus was in custody with Herod right up until it was time for him to return for his trial in order to qualify to be released. This is the day that Herod and Pilate became friends, sometime Wednesday morning, Nisan 19, when Jesus was returned. Jesus' trial proceeded at Noon and he was condemned to die. This was Noon, "de preparation for passover", that is, before preparation for the passover of Nisan 21st, thus before Nisan 20th. Jesus was again teased and near sundown when workers were coming from the fields he was taken out to Cavary to be impaled. Simon of Cyrene, likely a day worker working in the barley harvest was employed to help Jesus with his torture stake.
By 9:00 p.m., the third hour, Jesus was now impaled. After sundown it was now "preparation". Jesus thus remained on the torture state all that night until the next morning. At Noon it got dark until around 3:00 p.m, the 9th hour when he died.
Between the 9th hour and sundown, Jesus was put into the tomb which began the countdown of the THREE DAYS AND THREE NIGHTS. This was the first DAY.
Jesus remained in the tomb that NIGHT, Nisan 20/21 - Night 1,
...the following day, Nisan 21---day 2
..the following night, Nisan 21/22 - night 2
..the following day, Saturday, Nisan 22nd - day 3
...and that following night, Saturday, Nisan 22/23 - night 3.
Jesus rose before 3:00 p.m. at night, early Sunday morning before day, Nisan 23.
He then appeared to his disciples over the next 40 days until 3 days before Pentecost when he ascended to Heaven. Three days later (rather than 10 days later) Holy Spirit descended upon the 120 in the upper room.
Hope this was of help.
Canon