Well, the only label I ever attained was Private Reproof, which is supposed to be for those for have sinned but are excruciatingly repentant. It is supposed to be totally confidential....but of course, the whole congregation knew all the details of my "sin" within hours.
Someone on reproof is not shunned, but they cannot answer at meetings (which I hated, anyway, because the answers were boring and repetitious and I was very shy), cannot give talks (once again....no biggie), and cannot offer prayer (and being female, this one was not an option, anyway).
Reproof is not supposed to be particularly long lasting, but, in my case, they simply "forgot" to tell me that the restrictions were removed....so I kept on observing all the protocol long after it had ceased to be in effect.
Don't know too much about the others except that someone labelled "Bad Association" or "Marked" were looked upon as rebels, and, therefore, somewhat tittilating. Of course, one would never admit this, and would avoid the rebels if at all possible.