The French NWT

by Narkissos 13 Replies latest members private

  • Narkissos
    Narkissos

    I was about to answer AlanF's comment on his biography thread but I thought better make it a distinct topic.

    From 1981 to 1985 I worked in the translation department of the French Bethel. My ordinary assignment was Aid to Bible Understanding (only a reduced version of it was actually translated in several volumes) and The Watchtower.

    I had only limited personal contact with Emile Muller, the one and only translator of the Traduction du monde nouveau (New World Translation in French). He worked in Boulogne, in the close suburbs of Paris, I worked in the new Louviers facilities over 60 miles away. I met him a number of times, but the most I learnt about him and his work was through Michel Blaser. Michel at that time was the dept. overseer and worked in Louviers, but he had been in close contact with Emile before and still met him every week or so. And Michel was (and certainly still is) a nice person, quite friendly and open to me.

    From those sources I remember the following: in the 60's Emile Muller had been sent to Brooklyn with a team of translators from different countries to prepare the translation of the NWT into a first set of languages. From the work he made there under the direct supervision of the "NWT Committee" a first translation of the NT (The Christian Greek Scriptures -- New World Translation) was published. But Emile was not satisfied with it. When he came back to France he resolved to study Biblical Greek and Hebrew seriously to make the best possible translation, instead of blindly translating the English. As a result the complete NWT was only published in 1974, years later than its Italian, Spanish, Portuguese siblings. The NT translation was entirely different from the first separate publication. And the 1974 French NWT had many particular features -- (which were unfortunately erased in the later 1995 revision, I guess by somebody else).

    One of the most famous was John 1:1 which read: La Parole était dieu. Lower case to "god", but no indefinite article (a strict translation of the English NWT would have been la Parole était un dieu; so the 1995 revision). Emile argued from an observation in comparative stylistics of English and French (e.g. Vinay & Darbelnet) that in an attributive expression French usage omits the indefinite article which the English uses (e.g. "I am a doctor" -> "Je suis médecin"). And apparently his correspondents in Brooklyn accepted such explanations. They trusted him and respected his work, and accordingly allowed him the necessary time to finish it his way.

    As to John 17:3 which Alan mentioned, qu'ils apprennent à te connaître (even in the 1995 revision) is indeed better than the English "taking in knowledge of you", in that it avoids a substantive, while maintaining the progressive aspect which the NWT (over-)translates from the Greek present (ginôskosi[n], verb).

    However Emile often complained that his "hands were bound by the English NWT options". And I suspect he wasn't very happy with the slavish 1995 revision if he lived to see it.

  • ozziepost
    ozziepost

    Very interesting. I remember using the 'old' green covered edition many years ago.

    Thanks for the insight Narkissos.

  • BluesBrother
    BluesBrother

    i am sure you know that this is referred to in the "All Scripture Inspired" book.

    ***

    si p. 331 Study Number 8?Advantages of the "New World Translation" ***

    21"

    In 1961 it was announced that the Watch Tower Society was proceeding to render the New World Translation into six more widely used languages, namely, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. This translation work was entrusted to skilled and dedicated translators, all working together at the Watch Tower Society?s headquarters in Brooklyn, New York. They served as a large international committee working under competent direction. It was in July 1963, at the "Everlasting Good News" Assembly of Jehovah?s Witnesses at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A., that the firstfruits of this translation work became available when the New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures was released simultaneously in the above six languages. Now inhabitants of the earth who speak languages other than English could begin to enjoy the advantages of this modern translation. Since then, translation work has continued, so that by 1989 the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures had appeared in 11 languages, with more than 56,000,000 copies having been printed."

    Personally, I was surprised to learn that other language editions of the NWT were simple translations of the english, and not taken from the original sources. I once read a comment from a Spanish witness who was a translator and maintained that their version had a statement that implied it was taken from source documents, when it wasn't

  • hillary_step
    hillary_step

    Narkissos,

    However Emile often complained that his "hands were bound by the English NWT options". And I suspect he wasn't very happy with the slavish 1995 revision if he lived to see it.

    A very interesting background, especially with regards to the omission of the indefinate article in that edition of the NWT, thank you.

    I understand that a new French translation of the NWT is due out shortly, or has recently been released, I have lost track. From what I understand it deviates in some very significant ways from the English translation. I would be interested to read your comments on it.

    Michel at that time was the dept. overseer and worked in Louviers, but he had been in close contact with Emile before and still met him every week or so. And Michel was (and certainly still is) a nice person, quite friendly and open to me.

    Having met Michel a number of times I can agree with your comments. He seemed refreshingly free of the internal political grappling that makes up so part of ones life in Bethel's around the world.

    Best regards - HS

  • Narkissos
    Narkissos

    BluesBrother,

    You're right, at the beginning of non-English NWT editions there is a claim that the translators regularly referred to the originals and that their work is not a second-hand translation. So I guess all received some basic training in Biblical languages (at least morphology). I have never met other NWT translators so I can't compare, but the fact is that the complete French NWT was published years after the "first wave" of non-English NWTs although it also started in 1961.

    Emile Muller was highly scrupulous. He had built a comprehensive manual file (that was before personal computers) of all Hebrew-Greek / French verbal correspondences to maintain inner consistency. One thing he told is that when he got to the book of Job (which uses an unusual number of poetical synonyms, including many Aramaic loanwords) he had to review all his previous work to restore consistency. His personal model in Bible translation was the Catholic Bible by cannon Emile Osty, which was also a one-man work and took over 10 years. Very good choice imo. I really doubt many other WT translators were able to do a similarly careful job.

    Although the Brooklyn gang respected his work as I said earlier, they did not encourage personal research by translators in general. When I started working on the (censured) Aid book one of the first things I did was to prepare a transliteration chart for Hebrew and Greek, which was (necessarily) different from the English. When it was submitted to the competent office in Brooklyn they insisted that our transliteration system had to be entirely dependent on the English transliteration, so that translators wouldn't need to check the original languages. Go figure.

  • Pole
    Pole
    However Emile often complained that his "hands were bound by the English NWT options".

    The NWT is one by far the stiffest modern bible translation I've seen (at least judging by the English and Polish versions). The original metaphors only get "localized" if it's absolutely necessary. Oftentimes a new lingo is devised to substitute for the cultural/linguistic mismatch between Hebrew or Greek and modern languages. I can't say if it's a good translation strategy when applied to ancient languages, but this explains why his hands were bound by the English version.

    All I can say about the Polish version is that it's amazingly similar to the English one in terms of the artficiality of the linguistic chocies made to render it.

    Pole

  • observador
    observador

    Narkissos,

    very good insight! I am also interested in translations.

    Thanks.

  • seattleniceguy
    seattleniceguy

    Narkissos,

    When I started working on the (censured) Aid book

    Was this book censured at the time you were working on it, because Ray Franz had left? If so, was this known internally, but not to Witnesses in general? Was it translated grudgingly, since there was no suitable replacement?

    SNG

  • JH
    JH

    Thanks for the explanation. We use the french bible in our congregation.

  • fairchild
    fairchild

    That is very interesting indeed, Narkissos. Your post urged me to check my Dutch version of the NWT. I compared it with the English version, they are the same.

    en het Woord was een god. (and the Word was a god)

    When I read the bible, I usually read the Dutch version. I can think of many words and expressions which I would have translated in a different way. A translation, and even a meaning, is often subject to the person who does the translation. Comparing things in different languages has always been a huge point of interest to me. Then I think of some books in the bible which are written poetically. To translate poetry is one of the hardest things to do. How much did we lose in all the translations? How much MEANING did we lose?

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